FARMERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS SOIL EROSION AND SOIL LOSS ESTIMATON IN YAMA CATCHMENT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Soil erosion is a significant global challenge exacerbated by human activities, resulting in the loss of fertile soil. This study aimed to assess farmers' perceptions of soil erosion and estimate soil loss in the Yama watershed in southern Ethiopia. Data was collected from 296 households through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews.Input parameters such as Digital Elevation Models, soil data, rainfall, and land management data were used for the RUSLE model. Social data analysis was conducted using SPSS, while the RUSLE model input data was analyzed using ArcGIS to identify spatial patterns.Farmers identified major causes of soil erosion as poor soil and water conservation practices (82.1%), repeated cultivation (75%), steep slope cultivation (63.5%), and population pressure (52%). Consequences of soil erosion included loss of crop production (89.9%), depletion of fertile soil (84.8%), and increased poverty (72%). Soil loss in the Yama watershed ranged from 0 to 282 tons per hectare per year, with the upper catchment experiencing the highest soil loss at 282 tons ha-1 year-1 and an average soil loss of 108 tons per hectare per year. The study emphasized the significance of prioritizing conservation efforts in watersheds by considering different risk levels. Measures such as terracing, contour bunds, and check dams can effectively reduce soil erosion and promote water retention. Conservation initiatives should be directed towards areas with steep slopes and ongoing agricultural activities, with a focus on enhancing soil and water conservation practices, minimizing repeated cultivation, and introducing interventions to boost crop yield, soil quality, and overall socioeconomic well-being.