Abstract:
Soil erosion is a significant global challenge exacerbated by human activities, resulting in the
loss of fertile soil. This study aimed to assess farmers' perceptions of soil erosion and estimate
soil loss in the Yama watershed in southern Ethiopia. Data was collected from 296 households
through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews.Input parameters
such as Digital Elevation Models, soil data, rainfall, and land management data were used for
the RUSLE model. Social data analysis was conducted using SPSS, while the RUSLE model
input data was analyzed using ArcGIS to identify spatial patterns.Farmers identified major
causes of soil erosion as poor soil and water conservation practices (82.1%), repeated
cultivation (75%), steep slope cultivation (63.5%), and population pressure (52%).
Consequences of soil erosion included loss of crop production (89.9%), depletion of fertile soil
(84.8%), and increased poverty (72%). Soil loss in the Yama watershed ranged from 0 to 282
tons per hectare per year, with the upper catchment experiencing the highest soil loss at 282 tons
ha-1 year-1 and an average soil loss of 108 tons per hectare per year. The study emphasized the
significance of prioritizing conservation efforts in watersheds by considering different risk levels.
Measures such as terracing, contour bunds, and check dams can effectively reduce soil erosion
and promote water retention. Conservation initiatives should be directed towards areas with
steep slopes and ongoing agricultural activities, with a focus on enhancing soil and water
conservation practices, minimizing repeated cultivation, and introducing interventions to boost
crop yield, soil quality, and overall socioeconomic well-being.
