Abstract:
This study was carried out in Didessa watershed, which is situated in the south-west
part of Abay River Basin. Due to great importance of the basin by economic and
social criteria, it was important to undertake a research to evaluate the potential
impacts of climate change on the water resources availability. In this study because of
lack of availability of data it was difficult to consider the whole catchment, only the
upper Didessa catchment was considered for the study which was taking the outlet
gauging station at near Arjo town (998 lkm\Future Climate change scenarios of
precipitation and potential evaporation were developed using output of dynamically
downscaled data of ECHAM5 (GCM) under AlB emission scenario condition for
2030's (2031-2040) and 2090's (2091-2100). The projected climate variable showed an
increasing trend from the 1991-2000(base period) level. The monthly mean minimum
and maximum temperature shows an increasing trend. It is estimated that the average
seasonal and annual potential evaporation in the watershed for 2030's might increase
up to 5.2% and 4% respectively and in 2090's the average potential evaporation might
increase up to 15.85% seasonally and 12.66% annually. Besides, at 2030's it is
exhibited that the average seasonal precipitation might increase from 12.14% up to 62. 79%
and annually 30.22% .The maximum increment is observed during spring while the
minimum in autumn. In the other time horizon, in 2090 's the average seasonal
precipitation might vary from -10.29% up to 25.29%, maximum increase in autumn,
where as reduction is projected during spring season.
These changes of climate variables were used as input to the HBV hydrological model
which was calibrated (R
2
=0.601) and validated (R
2
=0.61) with historical data to
investigate the potential impacts of climate changes in the catchment. The simulation
results obtained from the investigation indicated that there was a significant variation
in the seasonal and monthly flow in both future period scenarios. At 2030's seasonally
as well as monthly positive incremental change is observed, during the main rainy
season (summer) the percentage changes might reaches up to 157%.At 2090's the
average monthly flow only during the month of April showed 12% reduction, in the
rest of the months a great increment is exhibited, the average seasonal flow also
showed a significant increment during summer, 136% in respect to the base period.
Hence, in Didessa watershed, runoff is likely to increase in the future.
