Abstract:
Background: Recently, green approach for preparing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has
received enormous attention due to the ease of preparation and environmental friendliness than
physical and chemical methods. Phytochemicals found in plants have been suggested to act as
bio-reducers and capping agents for the formation of metal nanoparticles. Objective: This
study's goal was to create magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) using an aqueous leaf
extract of Moringa Stenopetala and, apply for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Methods: Moringa Stenopetala leaf extract was screened qualitatively and quantitatively to
determine bioactive compounds. The reaction parameters on the biosynthesis of nanoparticle
were evaluated spectroscopically. Then, the MgO-NPs formed were characterized by using UV
Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry.
Then, the synthesized MgO-NPs applied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of various phytochemicals.
Total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 94.109 mg GAE/g DW and 69.75 mg
GAE/g DW of moringa leaf extract, respectively. The absorbance at 275nm from UV-Visible
spectroscopy indicates the formation of magnesium oxide nanoparticle. The X-ray diffractometry
diffraction pattern showed magnesium oxide nanoparticle formation with size of 18.03 nm. The
FTIR results showed that the modifications in the functional groups are responsible for the
formation of nanoparticle and the vibration at 1382 cm−1 confirms the presence of magnesium
oxide. The resulting MgO-NPs exhibited a high antioxidant activity illustrated by radical
scavenging activity of DPPH and H2O2 by 82.809 and 62.336% respectively compared to
ascorbic acid. MgO-NPs also revealed anti-inflammatory activity explained by membrane
stabilization and antiplatelet aggregation assay by 76.565% and decrease in transmittance
respectively compared to indomethacin.
Conclusion: This study had shown the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of
magnesium oxide nanoparticles, as they have DPPH and H2O2 scavenging and; membrane
stabilizing and anti-platelet aggregatory effects respectively.
