Abstract:
Introduction: Refractive error is a vision impairing condition due to light rays not able to
focus on the retina, resulting in the visual effect of blurred image. Since it is the major cause
of visual impairment globally and in Africa which affects all age groups of individuals that
requires attention. However, there is shortage of research study conducted in the magnitude
and associated factors of refractive errors among all age groups in Southern Ethiopia.
Therefore, this study assesses the magnitude of refractive errors and its associated factors
among patients attending ophthalmic clinics of SGH and AMGH, Southern Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. A pretested questionnaire
was done on 5% of total sample size to assess the instrument. Systematic random sampling
technique was used and data were collected using interview structured questionnaire and
physical examination. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS
version 25 for further analysis and management. Descriptive statistics were computed by
using tables and graphs, independent variables with a P-value ≤ of 0.25 in the binary logistic
regression analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. AOR (adjusted odds
ratio) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Statistical
significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.
Result: Among 356 participants, 96 (27.5%), with 95 % CI (22.8, 32.1) had refractive error,
of which myopia is the most common type (15.8%). Regular use of electronic devices (4.53
(2.46, 8.33)), p < 0.001), working distance at near (<33cm), 3.32(1.32, 8.33), p=0.01), less or
lack of outdoor activities, 3.87 (1.72, 8.68), p=0.001), history of diabetes mellitus 4.20 (2.20,
8.02), p < .001) and family history of refractive errors 3.94 (1.85, 8.42), p < 0.001 ) were
variables significantly associated with refractive errors.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The magnitude of refractive error was 27.5%, which is
relatively higher in the study area. Early diagnosis and treatment of refractive errors with
affordable optical corrections, better reading distance (> 33 cm), encouraging better outdoor
activities and proper use of visual display unit is recommended.
