Abstract:
Openings in RC deep beams are used to pass service utilities, which decreases the load
resistance capacity and stiffness of the member and it changes the behavior of the damage on
the corner part of the openings. The main goal of this research is to improve the structural
behavior and stiffness of RC deep beam with hole under the consideration of static and cyclic
loading by using externally pre-stressed strand and steel protective.
Numerical analysis is done via FEA software ABAQUS to investigate the non-linear stress
strain behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams with transversal openings at various
position. Ninety-six (96) RC beams with holes were modeled, from them fifty-two (52) are
investigated under static loading and the rest forty-four (44) models are examined under
cyclic loading. In addition to span-to-depth ratio of 1.18, 1.68, 2.18, and 2.68, pre-stressing
level, steel protective thickness around holes and opening location and types are considered
to explore the influence on the load carrying capacity, mid span deflection, crack
propagation, stress concentration, energy dissipation and stiffness of the models.
According to the results from FEA outputs, the increase in pre-stressing level on externally
pre-stressed strand for reinforced concrete deep with square openings at the shear zone shows
the increase in load carrying capacity by 0.171%, 6.831% and 10.1181% under static loading
and decrease in mid span deflection by 8.46%, 20.336%, and 21.93%. The same models
under cyclic loading shows the some significant load carrying capacity by 2%, 3.24%, and
3.646 % and decrease in mid-span deflection by 6.54%, 11.67%, and 15.44%.
As inferred from FEA output, results of the inclusion of circular openings at shear zone and
flexural zone with varying span-to-depth ratio of 1.18, 1.68, 2.18, and 2.68 shows the
reduction in load resistance capacity and rises in mid-span deflection. Its load carrying
capacity reduced by 2.75%, 5.035%, and 6% and 1.56%, 1.67%, and 6.603% under static
loading and 1.1%, 1.38% and 1.733% under cyclic loading, and increase in mid span
deflection. Furthermore, change in opening type and location and using steel protective has
significant impact on the load resistance capacity and mid-span deflection. In generally,
improving RC deep beams with EPS shows significant variation in the structural behavio
