Abstract:
Poor quality of irrigation water and soil are among the major factors determining maize productivity
in Ethiopia. This study assessed and evaluated the quality of irrigation water and soil
under maize production in Soke and Woybo irrigation schemes in Boloso Sore district, Ethiopia.
Four water samples per site per season were collected from the first point of the irrigation
schemes and farm gate for dry and rainy seasons in 2019/2020. Soil samples of 108 were
collected from 36 points, from which 18 composited samples were taken for laboratory analysis.
Results show that irrigation water of the two schemes is non-saline (electrical conductivity <0.2
dS m 1) and in the normal pH range (6.5–7.5). Maximum concentration of cations in irrigation
water was in the order of sodium (22.3 mg l 1) > potassium (7.3 mg l 1) > calcium (6.2 mg l 1)
> magnesium (3.1 mg l 1). Moderate to severe sodicity (sodium adsorption ratio of 10.9) was also
recorded. Sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate contents in water were trace, and increased during rainy
seasons in downstream. Textural classes of soils are clay loam to clay, and less compact to restrict
root penetration (bulk density ≤1.4 g cm 3), have slow infiltration rate (≤0.13 cm h 1), and
medium level of total available water (≤178 mm m 1). Soils are strongly acidic to neutral (pH:
5–6.5), salt-free, and have low soil organic carbon (≤2.1%), low total nitrogen (≤0.1%), low
available phosphorus and sulfur, and low Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio. It can be concluded that the irrigation
water in the study area has cation imbalance (poor quality) which affects soil quality and maize
productivity. Likewise, soils of the study area have poor quality. Lime application, efficient fertilizer
use, and organic matter applications can be suggested. Further study on optimizing fertilizer
rates and irrigation levels has to be conducted to improve maize productivity.
