Abstract:
Wireless sensor networks application and practicality have engrossed global attention. The execution of low energy microcontrollers built wireless sensors have augmented rapidly to resolve many real life complications like environmental, medical and structural monitoring. Wireless sensor nodes are very small in size and are functioned for low duty applications to record the anticipated physical parameters. Sensing, computations, communication are routines of wireless sensor networks that consume much more energy of these low powered sensor nodes. They are deployed in a reachable and in unreachable area and commonly motorized from batteries. Due to the sensor is powered with batteries, it is difficult to replace and charge the battery after energy has been depilated. Manually replacing the batteries are facing a location constraints which in advance causes a major shortcoming on performance and lifespan of wireless sensor networks.
Hence, this research addressed energy limited wireless sensors network by solar enabling energy harvesting photovoltaic cells through designing a model at a technical level for the heterogeneous clustered wireless sensor network in outdoor application. This efforts to solve the problems of very limited processing performance, low radio frequency communication bandwidth available, due to a limited energy. To efficiently utilize the energy which is harvested from solar and charge the batteries alternatively, the algorithm is developed. The discharging process is also controlled by the algorithm.
The intensive analysis and experimentation result show that, the sensor is operated continuously even in a time when there is no sun light. In a sunny day, the batteries are charged and to be discharged in night and cloudy day time. The algorithm is used to control the energy supplement to both li-ion polymer rechargeable batteries and a load (sensor).In the worst case (no sun light/cloudy and sensors periodically report data after 30 min) analysis the existing cluster head sensor with 6 member ordinary node in the cluster, sustains only for about 16.6667 days. But with newly developed model algorithm, the life span is increased to 54.16667days. The life span of ordinary sensor node is also increased from 50 to 91.66667 days.
