DETERMINANTS OF MACROSOMIA AMONG WOMEN DELIVERED IN GAMO, GOFA, AND SOUTH OMO ZONE'S GENERAL HOSPITALS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Macrosomia of the newborn is considered an adverse pregnancy outcome over the last few decades, it has been increasing in many regions of the world. This study aims to assess the determinants of macrosomia among women delivered in Gamo, Gofa, and South Omo Zone's General Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Method: An unmatched institution based case-control study was carried out from March 13 to April 30, 2020. Three general hospitals were selected and a total of 138 cases and 276 controls were involved by selecting first case and next two normal deliveries as controls consecutively. The cases were all mothers who gave birth to a newborns with a birth weight of ≥ 4kg and controls were all mothers who gave birth to a newborns with 2500gm-3999gm. A structured questionnaire was developed and pretested before the actual data collection in Chencha primary hospital. Variables in bivariate logistic regression with p-value ≤ 0.25, and variables associated in previously studies and biologically plausible were selected for multivariable logistic analysis. Data was presented using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, tables, and graphs. Finally, a statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. Results: After controlling for confounding variables using multivariable analysis showed that an odds of macrosomia among mothers with history of previous macrosomic birth has 5.18 folds higher than odds of no previous history of macrosomic birth (AOR:5.18, 95%CI: (2.70, 9.93)), being male infant has an odds of macrosomia almost 2 times higher than odds of females (AOR: 1.96, 95%CI: (1.21, 3.16)), odds of macrosomia among mothers with history of gestational diabetes mellitis (GDM) has 2.51 times higher than an odds of mothers who do not have gestational diabetes mellitis(GDM) (AOR:2.51, 95%CI: (1.93, 6.73)), odds of macrosomia among birth order of newborn above or equal to second has 3.87 times higher than odds of being first (AOR: 3.87, 95%CI: (1.60, 9.35)) and intake of snacks has almost 2 fold increases odds of macrosomia among mothers who has history of intake than odds of mothers who do not take it (AOR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.18, 3.26). Conclusion and recommendation: The previous history of macrosomia, Gestational diabetes mellifluous, being male infant, higher birth order, and intake of snacks increases the occurrence of Macromedia. Thus, counseling on strengthening antenatal care follow up and health education on diabetes mellifluous and intake of snacks during pregnancy are imperative to decrease the magnitude of Macromedia.