Abstract:
IIn the current scenario, the use of fossil fuel is increasing sharply in the global energy store and
playing a highly hazardous role in the ecological system, besides contributing to global warming.
Biodiesel is one of the most credible keys for addressing this issue. The present experimental
study has been done on Kirloskar make TAF-1 model compression ignition (CI) engine, powered
by Garcinia gummi-gutta methyl ester (GGME) biodiesel and its blends. Experimental results
were correlated with those of mineral diesel. To start with, biodiesel was synthesized from
Garcinia gummi-gutta seed oil, assisted by novel Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TL) enzyme
linked biocatalyst transesterification. Using nanotechnology, ferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles
were prepared using the coprecipitation method. The TL enzymes were covalently linked with
magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterial, powered using the immobilization method and characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. A large quantity of TL functional groups attached with Fe3O4
magnetic nanoparticle in reaction with an active functional group in oils leads to improved
efficiency and effective recycling via an external magnetic field. At the end of 74 h of reaction time
with confined optimization conditions, the transesterification process yielded 93.08 % GGME.
All the physiochemical properties of GGME blends were investigated as per ASTM standards. Raw
GGME was blended with mineral diesel in various proportions, namely B10, B20, B30, B40, and
B100. The fuel blends were analyzed in terms of combustion, performance, and emission
characteristics. Test results revealed B20 (20 % GGME + 80 % diesel) blend as on par with
mineral diesel in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), and
carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke emissions. At 100 % load,
cylinder pressure, the heat release rate (HRR), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and
